Fig. 5: ARG and E. coli abundance are associated with age and national-level variables. | npj Antimicrobials and Resistance

Fig. 5: ARG and E. coli abundance are associated with age and national-level variables.

From: Distinct infant resistome trajectories shaped by country income and geography revealed through global metagenomics reanalysis

Fig. 5: ARG and E. coli abundance are associated with age and national-level variables.

Each dot represents the difference in mean log-transformed ARG or E. coli abundance per standard deviation increase in each predictor, and horizontal lines represent the 95% upper and lower confidence intervals. The variables were standardised by subtracting their mean and dividing by their standard deviation (z-score standardisation) before fitting the model. Significant associations (p < 0.05) are shown in red, while non-significant associations are in black. DDD stands for defined daily dose of antibiotics per 1000 population; medical doctors refer to the number of medical doctors per 10,000 population; and C-section denotes caesarean section births per 1000 population.

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