Fig. 4: End-use allocation of total energy consumption for a variety of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) operations. | npj Sustainable Agriculture

Fig. 4: End-use allocation of total energy consumption for a variety of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) operations.

From: The emergence of indoor agriculture as a driver of global energy demand

Fig. 4

Each bar represents one site and cultivation trial. HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning) is noted where these three categories are combined. “On-site CO2” pertains to production and/or distribution of CO2 in the cultivation environment to increase growth. The “Other” category can be large when significant uses are uncategorized in the source publication. Data sources are provided in the Supplementary Information.

Back to article page