Fig. 5: Multivariate analysis reveals the combination of obesity and atrial fibrillation having a strong influence on glioblastoma patient survival.

The hazard ratios for dying were listed according to types of prognostic factors, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities (a). Paired comorbidities were analyzed for interaction strength by comparing hazard ratios of double-positive patients and single-positive patients; interactions with most disproportionate hazard ratios are highlighted in red color (b). Patients with both obesity and atrial fibrillation had a markedly worse, statistically significant impact on survival compared to those with only obesity, only atrial fibrillation or neither, as shown with Kaplan-Meier survival (c) and Cox proportional hazard ratio (d).