Table 2 Smartphone language markers (average of two 24-h periods) associated with cross-sectional adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric (APNS) symptom severity

From: Smartphone language features may help identify adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae and their trajectories

APNS symptom

Language marker

Correlation

P-value

Adjusted p-valuea

Pain

References to familyb

0.2560

<0.001

0.0088

References to other peopleb

0.2467

<0.001

0.0088

Expressions of tentativenessb

−0.2371

<0.001

0.0088

Expressions of happinessc

0.1805

<0.001

0.0352

Somatic Symptoms

Use of first-person singular pronounsb

0.2660

<0.001

0.0088

Use of any personal pronounsb

0.1747

<0.001

0.0352

References to malesb

0.2711

<0.001

0.0088

References to other peopleb

0.2445

<0.001

0.0088

Words containing over six lettersb

−0.2326

<0.001

0.0088

Expressions of tentativenessb

−0.2343

<0.001

0.0088

Use of informal speechb

0.1761

<0.001

0.0264

Use of articlesb

−0.1889

<0.001

0.0352

Expressions of lonelinessd

0.2562

<0.001

0.0088

Avoidance

Use of first-person singular pronounsb

0.1926

<0.001

0.0088

Hyper-arousal

Expressions of negative emotionsb

0.2840

<0.001

0.0088

Use of articlesb

−0.2422

<0.001

0.0176

Expressions of lonelinessd

0.2319

<0.001

0.0088

Nightmare

Use of first-person singular pronounsb

0.2410

<0.001

0.0088

Words containing over six lettersb

−0.1886

<0.001

0.0176

Depression

Expressions of negative emotionb

0.3360

<0.001

0.0088

Expressions of angerb

0.1723

<0.001

0.0264

Anxiety

Expressions of sadnessb

0.6513

0.0002

0.0176

  1. aBonferroni adjusted p-values are used.
  2. bDerived using Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software.
  3. cDerived using Dodds, [18].
  4. dDerived using Guntuku, [13, 16].
  5. All values are from the validation sample.