Table 4 The impact of spaceflight, radiation, and simulated microgravity on mouse embryo development
From: Understanding how space travel affects the female reproductive system to the Moon and beyond
Year | Reference | Study type | Tissue | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | Schenker and Forkheim176 | Spaceflight space shuttle | Embryo (mouse) | Two-cell stage embryos not developed |
2000 | Kojima et al.110 | Ground-based simulated microgravity | Embryo (mouse) | Decreased number of mice embryos reaching the morula and blastocyst stages after 96 h in clinostat |
2008 | Ma et al.177 | Spaceflight SJ-8 satellite | Embryo (mouse) | No blastocysts development |
2009 | Wakayama et al.115 | Ground-based simulated microgravity | Embryo oocyte (mouse) | 84% of mouse oocytes fertilized; decreased blastocyst stage (30% vs. 57% μg vs. 1 g); low birth rate (5% vs. 21% μg vs. 1 g) |
2009 | Wang et al.121 | Ground-based simulated microgravity | Embryos (mouse) | Cell cycle arrest; microgravity is most lethal at the 8-cell stage; increased levels of pSANK (stress-activated protein kinase) |
2011 | Wang et al.178 | Ground-based simulated microgravity | Embryonic stem cells (mouse) | Reduced number of cells; decreased adhesion rate; delayed DNA repair; increased apoptosis |
2018 | Acharya et al.179 | Parabolic flight | Embryonic stem cells (mouse) | Downregulation of cell cycle and proliferation-related genes in undifferentiated ESCs |
2018 | Lei et al.180 | Spaceflight TZ-1 Cargo Spacecraft | Embryonic stem cells (mouse) | Inhibition of terminal differentiation of embryoid bodies |
2019 | Feng et al.122 | Ground-based simulated microgravity | Embryo (zygote, mouse) | Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mouse pronucleus; 52 lncRNAs differentially expressed pertaining to protein transport, catalytic activity, cytoskeleton; Negative effects on pronuclear migration: stopped at pronuclear stage disturbed tubulin protein |
2020 | Lei et al.118 | Spaceflight Chinese SJ-10 Satellite | Embryo (mouse) | Reduced rate of blastocyst (34.3% vs. 60.2% μg vs. 1 g); decreased number of cells in the blastocyst; cellular differentiation affected by altered expressions of Oct4 and Cdx2 in cell populations; increased DNA damage (γ H2AX) and DNA repair (XRCC1); Decreased methylation density in space-flown blastocyst |
2020 | Lei et al.118 | Ground-based radiation | Embryo (2-cell stage, mouse) | Low-dose gamma radiation, dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of blastocyst development (58.4% blastocyst at 0.5 mGy, 45.6% blastocyst at 2 mGy). Decrease in DNA methylation in embryos at 2 mGy; dose-dependent decreased in live birth rates (Table 5). |
2020 | Lei et al.118 | Ground-based simulated microgravity | Embryo (mouse) | No statistically significant difference: in the rate of blastocyst development after 64 h of exposure to simulated microgravity (65% vs. 72.9%, μg vs. 1 g); DNA damage and DNA methylations |
