Correction to: npj Materials Sustainability https://doi.org/10.1038/s44296-024-00017-9, published online 3 June 2024

In this article the affiliation details for Author Nan Hu were incorrectly given as ‘Department of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Hong Kong, China’ but should have been ‘School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China’. The original article has been corrected.