Table 1 Different thermochemical processes used for production of biochar
Parameter | Slow pyrolysis | Fast pyrolysis | Gasification | Hydrothermal carbonization |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature | 300–800 °C | 400–1000 °C | 750–1000 °C | 180–260 °C |
Heating rate | <10 °C/min | 300–800 °C/min | 50–100 °C/s | 5–10 °C/min |
Residence time | 5 min–12 h | < 10 s | 10–20 s | 5 min–12 hr |
Main product | Biochar | Bio-oil | Syngas | Hydrochar |
Solid product yield | 35–50% | 15–35% | < 10% | 45–70% |
Typical reactor | Fixed bed | Fluidized bed | Fluidized bed | Hydrothermal reactor |
