Table 1 Experimental works allowing direct or indirect testing of the Continuum hypothesis and plant-virus interactions

From: Vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses: two extremes of a continuum?

Virusa

Host

Evidenceb

Transmissionc

Relationships between HT, VT and Vd

Support for the Continuum Hypothesis

References

ArLV-1

Arabidopsis

Plant screening

VT (seed)

VT (+)/V (−)

Yes

63

BPEV

Pepper

Plant screening

VT (seed)

VT (+)/V (−)

Yes

58

BSMV

Barley

Experimental evolution

VT and HT

HT (+)/V (+)

VT (+)/V (−)

VT (+)/HT (−)

Yes

73

BYDV

Various

Epidemiological data

HT (aphids)

HT (+)/V (+)

Yes

56

CMV

Arabidopsis

Experimental evolution

VT and HT

VT (+)/V (−)

HT(0)/V(0)

Yes

No

74

CMV

Bean Cucumber Tomato

Experimental evolution

HT (mechanical)

HT(0)/V (0 or +)

HT(0)/V (− or +)

HT(0)/V (0 or +)

No

No

No

81

CMV

Arabidopsis

Plant screening

HT (mechanical)

VT (+ or −)/V (+or −)

No

39

MDMV

Various

Epidemiological data

HT (aphids)

HT (+)/V (+)

Yes

66

PCV-1/PCV-2

Pepper

Plant screening

VT (seed)

VT (+)/V (−)

Yes

57,59

PPV

Pea

Experimental evolution

HT (aphids)

HT (+)/V (+)

Yes

76

RPRSV

Chickweed

Experimental inoculation

VT (seed)

VT (+)/V (+)

No

72

SbDV

Pea

Experimental evolution

HT (aphids)

HT (+)/V (+)

Yes

75

SCMV

Various

Epidemiological data

HT (aphids)

HT (+)/V (+)

Yes

66

TuMV

Arabidopsis

Experimental evolution

HT (mechanical)

HT (+)/V (+)

Yes

77,78,79,80

TuMV

Arabidopsis

Plant screening

VT (seed)

VT (+)/V (−)

Yes

39,64

TSWV

Tomato

Plant screening

HT (thrips)

HT (+)/V(0)

No

67

  1. aArLV-1 Arabidopsis latent virus 1, BPEV Bell pepper endornavirus, BSMV Barley stripe mosaic virus BYDV Barley yellow dwarf virus, CMV Cucumber mosaic virus, MDMV Maize dwarf mosaic virus, PCV-1/PCV-2 Pepper cryptic virus 1 and 2, PPV Plum pox virus, RPRSV raspberry ringspot virus, SbDV Soybean dwarf virus, SCMV sugarcane mosaic virus, TuMV Turnip mosaic virus.
  2. bEpidemiological data: HT and virulence are quantified in the field; plant screening: a set of infected plants was tested for virus seed transmission and virulence; experimental evolution: serial passage experiments.
  3. cHT horizontal transmission, VT vertical transmission.
  4. dV: Virulence. (+) transmission or virulence increases; (0) transmission or virulence does not change; (−) transmission or virulence decreases.