Fig. 1: MERS-CoV targets multiciliated cells and causes deciliation in camelid nasal organoids.

a, b Establishment of camelid nasal organoids (a, created with BioRender.com) and cells were stained (b) with hematoxylin and eosin. c Camelid nasal organoids were stained for cilia (ACTUB, green) and nuclei (Hoechst, blue). (d, e) Camelid nasal organoids were infected with MERS-CoV with a moi of 0.1 and viral replication was determined by d RT-qPCR and e plaque assay titration. Data is depicted as mean with SEM. Dotted line shows detection limit. f, g Infected cells on transwell inserts (f) and paraffin-embedded inserts (g) were stained at 1 dpi for cilia (ACTUB, green) and MERS-CoV spike (S, red). h Full well imaging was performed on MERS-CoV infected camelid nasal organoid inserts at 3 dpi for cilia (ACTUB, green) and MERS-CoV nucleoprotein (NP, red) to show deciliation. Experiments were repeated at least once. Scale bars are 20 µm (b, c, f, g) and 500 µm (h). Inserts (f’, g’, h’ and h”) show digital zoom of the original image.