Fig. 5: Transformation dynamic pathways to maximize economic efficiency of the adaptation strategies (CBA-III) under the RCP8.5 scenario.
From: Dynamic flood adaptation pathways for Shanghai under deep uncertainty
NPV in billion US$ for a transition from an investment in 2020, to UPE I/II strategies; 6% discount rate, shaded area interval indicates the 50% confidence interval for the NPV. The td means time delay. Economic efficiency means that applying adaptation pathways can produce higher economic efficiency than individual adaptation strategies. S2 switching to H7 means that when the deep tunnel switches to Hybrid Strategy 7, the NPV will increase in the future. This is due to the fact that the yellow line in the figure represents the NPV of a static scenario-based investment in the deep tunnel, and its implementation alone will not yield a high NPV in the future.
