Fig. 3: Photos showing typical surface ruptures of the Dingri earthquake.

a Distributed tensional fissures on the east shore of Dengme Co, view to north; b Pressure ridges illustrating local shortening on the east shore of Dengme Co, view to southeast; c Slickenside striations illustrating dominant normal faulting with a small left-lateral component on the northeast shore of Dengme Co; d Offset gully illustrating a left-lateral slip of about 15 cm at the range front northeast of Changsuo Township, view to northwest; e En-echelon surface ruptures illustrating a left-lateral component northeast of the La’ang Reservoir, view to east; f Water-spraying and sand-jetting nozzles on the east shore of Dengme Co.