Table 3 Factor categorizing terms

From: Identification of tropical cyclone–related flash floods from hazard narratives using a large language model–based approach

 

Category

Examples

1

TC

Tropical storms, tropical depression, hurricane

2

Rain

Rain, rainbands, showers, thunderstorms

3

Remnants

Remnant, post-tropical storm

4

Moisture

Moisture, precipitable water, tropical airmass

5

Front

Front, frontal, stationary boundary, stalled boundary

6

Low pressure systema

Low pressure, trough, surface low

7

Upper-level enhancement

Upper-level trough/disturbance/low, jet streak, shortwave

8

Instability

Instability, unstable, sunshine, daytime heating, diurnal

9

Topography

Terrain, upslope, orographic, mountain

10

Surface condition

Saturated, ground, soil, poor drainage

  1. aLow pressure systems are classified as such only when they are not explicitly identified as upper-level systems; otherwise, they are categorized as upper-level enhancements.
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