Fig. 1: Overview of the magnetic topological states with and without an electric field in heterobilayers.
From: Electrical engineering of topological magnetism in two-dimensional heterobilayers
a CrTe2/RhTe2 heterobilayer, with b showing FM skyrmions and merons and their net topological charges (Q) which arise in this bilayer. c CrTe2/TiTe2 heterobilayer, with d showing Néel AFM merons which are composed from three FM merons and/or antimerons living in different sublattices (α, β, and γ), with distinct sublattice topological charges (q). For the shown example, the Néel AFM meron pair has Q = 0, while the sublattice topological charges are all different (qα = 0, qβ = 1, qγ = − 1).
