Fig. 5: Non-local spin valve (NLSV) with low-barrier nanomagnets (LBM).
From: Connecting physics to systems with modular spin-circuits
a Physical structure consisting of networks of LBMs. A charge current is injected from LBMs going to a nearby local ground. Spin currents polarized in the direction of fluctuating LBMs are routed to one another. Inset shows an example of how magnetization dynamics \(\hat{m}\) evolve over time for an LBM with low perpendicular anisotropy. The bottom panel shows the spin–circuit corresponding to the physical structure. b The average of the relative angle between LBM 1 and LBM 2 is measured as a function of injected charge currents, showing ferromagnetic (at positive Ic) and antiferromagnetic (at negative Ic) coupling. The numerical results are compared with those obtained from the Boltzmann law obtained from the Heisenberg Hamiltonian. This correspondence between the unitless Heisenberg Hamiltonian and spin–circuit requires a mapping factor IM with units of currents (see text and ref. 62). c A histogram of three LBMs at large negative currents where for better illustration the magnetizations \(\hat{m}\) are binarized by thresholding at \({\hat{m}}_{z}=0\). The system shows frustration in the antiferromagnetic configuration.
