Table 3 Linear regression models predicting DASS-21 symptoms from light exposure patterns

Light Predictor	Outcome	B	SE	β	t	p	R²
Morning light (0–2 hours post-wake)	Depression	−1.89	0.70	−0.23	−2.70	0.009	0.60
	Anxiety	−1.84	0.64	−0.20	−1.84	0.070	0.34
	Stress	-1.50	0.59	−0.21	−2.53	0.014	0.62
Daytime light	Depression	−0.31	1.04	−0.03	−0.30	0.764	0.55
	Anxiety	0.99	0.94	0.11	1.05	0.296	0.31
	Stress	0.58	0.82	0.05	0.70	0.484	0.62
Evening light (0–2 hours pre-sleep onset)	Depression	1.31	1.33	0.09	0.98	0.329	0.54
	Anxiety	0.80	1.31	0.07	0.61	0.544	0.25
	Stress	0.05	1.24	0.04	0.04	0.967	0.53
Time > 50 mEDI	Depression	−0.52	0.25	−0.17	−2.06	0.043	0.57
	Anxiety	−0.26	0.23	−0.12	−1.13	0.262	0.32
	Stress	−0.16	0.21	−0.06	−0.73	0.466	0.61
Time > 250 mEDI	Depression	−0.18	0.43	−0.04	−0.43	0.673	0.55
	Anxiety	0.20	0.38	0.05	0.51	0.610	0.31
	Stress	−0.01	0.35	−0.01	−0.02	0.981	0.61
LRI at median mEDI	Depression	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.45	0.654	0.57
	Anxiety	0.10	0.06	0.17	1.55	0.125	0.31
	Stress	0.02	0.06	0.03	0.41	0.685	0.61
LRI at 250 mEDI	Depression	0.06	0.07	−0.07	−0.08	0.936	0.57
	Anxiety	−0.05	0.07	−0.07	−0.67	0.504	0.29
	Stress	−0.06	0.06	−0.08	−0.08	0.321	0.61

All light metrics are calculated using melanopic EDI (mEDI). Each row represents a separate linear regression model with one light exposure variable as the predictor. All models adjusted for group (SSRI vs. control); morning light models also included waketime, and evening light models included sleep onset time. Sample sizes vary by model; see Table 6 for details. Bolded results indicate statistically significant associations (p < 0.05). β = standardized regression coefficient; SE standard error of the coefficient, LRI Light Regularity Index.

Quick links

Search