Table 1 Baseline characteristics of unmatched and matched cohorts

From: Mechanisms underlying superior outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the latest balloon expandable valve

 

Pre-matched cohort

Matched cohort

 

S3UR

S3

 

S3UR

S3

  

N = 887

N = 1482

p

N = 775

N = 775

p

ASD

Age, years

83.8 ± 6.1

83.5 ± 6.3

0.177

83.6 ± 6.0

83.7 ± 6.4

0.485

0.085

Sex (male)

356 (40.1)

657 (44.3)

0.046

320 (41.3)

314 (40.5)

0.757

0.016

Body mass index, kg/m²

22.3 ± 3.9

22.2 ± 3.8

0.521

22.4 ± 3.9

22.4 ± 3.9

0.673

0.017

STS-PROM score, %

6.0 [4.0–9.1]

6.1 [3.8–9.5]

0.769

5.9 [4.0–8.9]

5.7 [3.7–9.4]

0.54

0

Clinical frailty scale ≥4

195 (22.0)

365 (24.6)

<0.001

175 (22.6)

188 (24.3)

0.516

0.041

NYHA III or IV

289 (32.6)

454 (30.6)

0.081

233 (30.1)

253 (32.6)

0.274

0.056

Hemoglobin, g/dL

11.5 [10.4–12.7]

11.4 [10.4–12.6]

0.572

11.5 [10.5–12.8]

11.5 [10.3–12.7]

0.385

0.055

Brain Natrium Peptide, pg/ml

194 [82–554]

312 [125–827]

<0.001

190 [80–534]

270 [110–705]

0.001

0.144

Concomitant diseases

Hypertension

716 (80.7)

1183 (80.0)

0.687

626 (80.8)

648 (83.6)

0.144

0.025

Diabetes mellitus

296 (33.4)

456 (30.8)

0.101

251 (32.4)

238 (30.7)

0.477

0.036

Dyslipidemia

463 (52.2)

749 (50.7)

0.484

413 (53.3)

390 (50.4)

0.253

0.058

Chronic kidney disease (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²)

672 (75.8)

1141 (77.3)

0.407

582 (75.1)

586 (75.6)

0.814

0.012

Dialysis

181 (20.4)

411 (27.8)

<0.001

166 (21.4)

177 (22.8)

0.501

0.034

COPD

89 (10.0)

127 (8.6)

0.237

67 (8.6)

67 (8.6)

1

0

Atrial fibrillation

197 (22.2)

321 (21.8)

0.799

159 (20.5)

176 (22.7)

0.294

0.053

Coronary artery disease

293 (33.0)

545 (36.8)

0.065

262 (33.8)

263 (33.9)

0.957

0.003

Peripheral artery disease

142 (16.0)

261 (17.7)

0.298

119 (15.4)

121 (15.6)

0.888

0.007

Carotid stenosis

58 (6.5)

69 (4.7)

0.050

47 (6.1)

40 (5.2)

0.436

0.04

Previous history

Smoking

246 (28.2)

462 (31.9)

0.064

213 (28.1)

242 (31.9)

0.104

0.083

History of PCI

158 (17.8)

333 (22.5)

0.006

143 (18.5)

167 (21.6)

0.124

0.078

History of CABG

32 (3.6)

56 (3.8)

0.831

28 (3.6)

22 (2.8)

0.388

0.044

History of myocardial infarction

47 (5.3)

119 (8.0)

0.011

43 (5.5)

55 (7.1)

0.21

0.064

History of stroke

91 (10.3)

194 (13.1)

0.022

85 (11.0)

90 (11.6)

0.561

0.02

Previous pacemaker

47 (5.3)

84 (5.7)

0.149

40 (5.2)

41 (5.3)

0.909

0.034

Echocardiographic data

   

1.148

0.968–1.360

0.113

 

Aortic valve area, cm²

0.69 ± 0.19

0.67 ± 0.19

0.002

0.69 ± 0.19

0.68 ± 0.19

0.292

0.035

Index aortic valve area, cm²/m²

0.47 ± 0.13

0.45 ± 0.13

<0.001

0.47 ± 0.13

0.46 ± 0.13

0.406

0.028

Peak flow velocity, m/s

4.3 ± 0.65

4.3 ± 0.71

0.989

4.3 ± 0.65

4.3 ± 0.68

0.628

0.013

Aortic valve peak gradient, mmHg

74.9 ± 22.6

75.1 ± 25.2

0.922

74.4 ± 22.7

74.7 ± 23.7

0.693

0.012

Aortic valve mean gradient, mmHg

43.3 ± 14.4

43.5 ± 15.6

0.692

43.1 ± 14.4

43.4 ± 14.7

0.335

0.018

Left ventricular ejection fraction, %

59.3 ± 12.3

57.6 ± 13.4

0.004

59.4 ± 12.3

59.3 ± 12.3

0.594

0.011

Preserved ( ≥ 50%)

716 (80.7)

1121 (75.6)

0.005

623 (80.4)

630 (81.3)

0.865

0.016

Mid-range ( ≥ 40, <50%)

86 (9.7)

166 (11.2)

 

77 (9.9)

71 (9.2)

  

Reduced ( < 40%)

85 (9.6%)

186 (12.6)

 

75 (9.7)

74 (9.5)

  

Aortic regurgitation ≥moderate

109 (12.3)

197 (13.3)

0.037

86 (11.1)

86 (11.1)

1

0

Mitral regurgitation ≥moderate

93 (10.5)

305 (20.6)

<0.001

91 (11.7)

95 (12.3)

0.755

0.016

Tricuspid regurgitation ≥moderate

58 (6.5)

164 (11.1)

<0.001

50 (6.5)

56 (7.2)

0.546

0.031

Computed Tomography

Annulus Area, mm2

424 ± 78

420 ± 74

0.426

423 ± 76

421 ± 77

0.572

0.026

Area <430 mm2, %

523 (59.0)

886 (59.8)

0.006

456 (58.8)

488 (63.0)

0.096

 

Perimeter, mm

74.4 ± 6.8

74.0 ± 6.6

0.117

74.2 ± 6.6

73.3 ± 6.7

0.444

0.032

  1. Data are depicted as means with standard deviations (±SD) or counts with percentages (%).
  2. S3UR SAPIEN 3 Ultra RESILIA, S3 SAPIEN 3, STS-PROM Society of Thoracic Surgeons-predicted risk of mortality, NYHA New York Heart Association, GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, ASD absolute standardized difference.
  3. P-values are from Fisher’s test (2 × 2 comparison), chi-squared test (n x 2 comparisons), or t-tests (continuous parameters).
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