Fig. 9: Dye-sensitized films for biosensing using light.

a Synthesis route of orientational carcinoembryonic antigen for merging in DSSC configuration. Reproduced with permission from ref. ²³. b Schematic of DSSC merged with an imprinted layer of PPy assembled by electro-polymerization. Reproduced under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License²². c Schematic of photocurrent generation and electron transfer route of the GOD/CdSe@CdS QDs/TiO₂ nanocomposite photo-anode. Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁴¹⁷. d Scheme of the carbon black based photo-anode and the involved electron transfer in the photoelectrochemical sensing system. Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁴¹⁸. e Synthesis route of the porous COP onto an ITO substrate and integration in DSSC-based biosensor. Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁴¹⁹. f Schematic of charge carrier transfer from the COP film in biosensing device. Reproduced with permission from ref. ⁴¹⁹.