Fig. 12: Single-universe case study (1990–2024).
From: Quantum stochastic walks for portfolio optimization: theory and implementation on financial networks

Top: Cumulative portfolio values (log scale) for QSW, MPT, 1/N, and the S&P 500, with major crisis periods highlighted. Bottom: Evolution of the QSW parameters (α, β, λ, ω) selected by the rolling 2-year grid search at each quarter.