Fig. 5: Complete rotation of phagocytosed hexagonal NaYF4 crystals under intracellular activity in absence of optical trap (A) Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) images of NaYF4 crystals with hexagonal prism shape.

b The hexagonal faces are called the ‘face on’ sides and the four rectangular faces are called ‘side on’ sides. c When a crystal in ‘side on’ (A in (a)) orientation undergoes a pitch rotation, it orients ‘face on’ (C in (a)) via an intermediate orientation (B) in (a). d–f Phagocytosed NaYF4 crystal inside MCF7 cell observed under bright field microscopy. Time lapse of the particle within dashed orange rectangle arrow shows a 90 degree flipping from (d) to (f). The particular crystal is seen to change orientation from A to C via B indicating rotation by 90 degree.