Fig. 5: Energy transduction in the ATPase motor during substrate unfolding and translocation.
From: Nonequilibrium chemomechanical transduction of ATP-driven protein unfolding in the 26S proteasome

a The free energy changes during the cycle of ATP hydrolysis and nucleotide exchange. The substrate translocation (b), the ATP hydrolysis rate (c), and the normalized efficiency of the ATPase motor in converting the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work (d), respectively, as function of the resistance (Fsub) the motor experiences during substrate unfolding and translocation. The experiment data in (b) is from ref. 36.