Fig. 4: Drug-loaded nanoparticles can be complexed to MSR-1 bacteria using triazine chemistry. | npj Biomedical Innovations

Fig. 4: Drug-loaded nanoparticles can be complexed to MSR-1 bacteria using triazine chemistry.

From: Bacterial hitchhiking with drug-loaded nanoparticles as a drug delivery strategy for cancer immunotherapy

Fig. 4

A Schematic representation of CuET-loaded liposome (LP-CuET) attachment to the surface of bacteria using triazine chemistry. B Scanning electron microscopy images showing control bacteria (left) and bacteria with captured LP-CuET on the surface (right). C Fluorescence microscopy images showing the capture of fluorescently labeled liposomes (right) on the bacteria compared to control bacteria (left). Scale bars are 20 μm. D Concentration of LP-CuET in solution as measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis before being captured by bacteria (Initial) compared to after capture (Final). E Stability of captured liposomes onto bacteria with respect to time showing the bacterial shedding of nanoparticles; empty circles represent individual experiments, and data is shown as mean ± SD. F Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD) experiments showing that bacteria can adsorb onto activated SiO2 sensors and capture LP-CuET once they start flowing onto the sensor (upper graph, arrows). Similarly, when LP-CuET is captured onto the surface first, bacteria attach to the particles once they start flowing onto the sensor (lower panel, arrows). G Atomic force microscopy images showing the QCMD sensor surface containing LP-CuET and bacteria captured on LP-CuET nanoparticles.

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