Table 1 Age estimation result comparison between different methods and features

From: Age estimation via electrocardiogram from smartwatches

Features

Mean absolute error (MAE)

LSTM

Inception1D

Feedforward neural network

Transformer network

De-noised ECG

3.06

3.03

2.93

4.71

PSD

4.61

5.09

4.34

5.69

Wavelet: sym4

3.96

3.61

3.34

4.83

Wavelet:db4

3.54

3.29

3.28

4.11

Wavelet: db1 to db4

3.82

3.75

3.71

4.61

Wavelet: db1 to db10

3.15

3.47

3.21

4.33

Wavelet: sym4, db1 to db10

3.21

3.12

3.00

3.86