Fig. 3: Policy effect of ULEZ1 and ULEZ3 after three months in London.
From: Further improvement in London’s air quality demands more than the Ultra Low Emission Zone policy
Estimated effects at (A) Urban Traffic and (B) Urban Background sites across central, inner and outer London. Significant effects on NO2 and NOx were detected following ULEZ1 implementation but not ULEZ3 at both central and inner London. Except at traffic site following ULEZ1 implementation, no statistically significant effect was detected for PM2.5 following either intervention at either urban background or traffic sites.
