Fig. 3: Development model and driving mechanism of global CCUS industry.

a PCA-Based K-means clustering on the three driving factors for 21 countries. In primary cluster, Principal Component 1 is driven by technology and cost, while Principal Component 2 is influenced by policy in Table S3. In Cluster 1, sub-clustering shows Principal Component 1 linked to policy, and Principal Component 2 to technology and cost. b SVM Classification of Carbon Capture Capacity. The SVM model accurately separates countries into low (red) and high (blue) carbon capture capacity groups. c Analysis of the driving mechanism of carbon capture capacity.