Fig. 9: Plasmonic metamaterials for bio/chemical sensors.

a SERS-based wearable sensor for the biomolecular fingerprint detection87. Reproduced with permission87. Copyright 2021 American Association for the Advancement of Science. b SEF-based biosensing microarray for the detection of cancer biomarkers91. Reproduced with permission91. Copyright 2023 Elsevier. c SEIRA-based biosensors for the hyperspectral imaging of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike proteins in saliva99. Workflow: (1) sampling and immobilization, (2) spectral measurement, (3) image processing using multimodal deep neural network model, and (4) prediction. Reproduced with permission99. Copyright 2024 American Association for the Advancement of Science.