Fig. 5: Interaction effects of riparian land use and river covariates on predicted turbidity.

Relationships between the proportion of natural vegetation in riparian zones and NDTI, shown for rivers with low, medium, and high (10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, respectively) discharge (A) and slope (B). Relationship between the proportion of pasture in riparian zones and NDTI, shown for rivers with low, medium, and high discharge (C) and short, medium, and long length (D). Predictions are from inverse probability weighted (IPW) regression models with covariate adjustment weighted for the treatment variable. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Figures illustrate statistically significant interaction effects; see Supplementary Table S3 for estimates for all combinates of river covariates for the statistically significant land uses.