Table 4 Transceiver processing steps for FD equalization of Zak-OTFS assuming perfect channel knowledge

From: Low-complexity equalization of Zak-OTFS in the frequency domain

Transceiver Operation

Description

Information symbol generation

Generate the M × N matrix of i.i.d. information symbols X[k0, l0], 0 ≤ k0 ≤ (M − 1), 0 ≤ l0 ≤ (N − 1), in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain

Convert to FD

Perform the Inverse Discrete Frequency Zak Transform (IDFZT) as per (21) to transform the DD information symbols X[k0, l0] to the MN × 1 FD vector s

Mask the FD vector

Zero out the first & last b entries in the FD vector s to generate \({{\bf{s}}}^{{\prime} }\) according to (43)

Channel propagation

Transmit the masked FD vector \({{\bf{s}}}^{{\prime} }\) through a doubly-spread channel to receive FD vector \({{\bf{r}}}^{{\prime} }\) as per (44)

Low-complexity equalization

Perform low-complexity equalization on \({{\bf{r}}}^{{\prime} }\) to obtain FD vector \(\widetilde{{\bf{s}}}\) via conjugate gradient method in Algorithm 1

Information symbol detection

Perform the DFZT on \(\widetilde{{\bf{s}}}\) and detect information symbols in the DD domain via (52)