Figure 3
From: Bubbling behavior of a fluidized bed of fine particles caused by vibration-induced air inflow

Bubbling behavior that is caused by the vibration-induced air inflow.
(a) A series of images of the oscillating powder bed in the glass tube when the vibrator is attached 40 mm from the bottom of the glass tube (viewing direction A in Fig. 1). Large bubbles, which form near both side walls, rise rapidly and burst at the top surface of the powder bed. The white arrows denote the trajectory of a tracer particle that moved downward at a low velocity. (b) Distribution of the bubble size in the vertical direction measured 50 mm from the bottom of the tube. (c) Distribution of the time interval of bubble formation, which was obtained through the analysis of numerous images.