Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Atomic-scale mapping of dipole frustration at 90° charged domain walls in ferroelectric PbTiO3 films

Figure 3The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Ps vector mapping across the 90° PCDW and 90° UCDW in Fig. 1a.

Ps vectors calculated though the δTi of both the 90° PCDW and 90° UCDW away from PTO/STO interface was shown. The blue dotted line denotes the 90° UCDW, the white dotted lines embrace the 90° PCDW area (area I in Fig. 1a). Note the restriction and disorder of the Ps vectors at the 90° PCDW, signifying that there is no obvious ‘domain-wall’ at the encounter of the Ps vectors. The length of the yellow arrows represents the modulus of the Ps with respect to the yellow scale bar in the upper left corner.

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