Figure 4
From: Uncoupled surface spin induced exchange bias in α-MnO2 nanowires
Exchange bias characterization.
(a), The hysteresis loop at 5 K after FC under 10 kOe with obvious exchange bias behavior. Upper inset shows the exchange-bias field HEB and the left and right coercive fields Hc1 and Hc2. Lower inset shows the open loop due to magnetization relaxation. (b), The HEB and Hc dependence on cycle number (training effect) with different fitting methods. The lower inset shows the M(H) dependence on cycle number and the upper inset compares HEB after a high number of cycles based on different fitting methods. (c), The thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) and isothermoremanent magnetization (IRM) dependences on applied magnetic fields at 5 K were measured in the field range of 0.4 to 50 kOe. (d), The dependence of Hc and HEB on temperature after cooling in a 10 kOe magnetic field indicates the spin glass behavior. The inset shows the M(H) loops at different temperatures.
