Figure 3

Spatial-temporal expression patterns of the PxABCH1 gene as determined by qPCR in P. xylostella.

(A) Relative expression levels of PxABCH1 in the head (HD), integument (IN), midgut (MG), testis (TS) and Malpighian tubules (MT) of fourth-instar larvae. (B) Relative expression levels of PxABCH1 in eggs (EG), first-instar larvae (L1), second-instar larvae (L2), third-instar larvae (L3), fourth-instar larvae (L4), prepupae (PP), pupae (P) and 1-day-old pre-copulatory male adults (MA) and female adults (FA). Expression of the RPL32 gene was used as the internal reference gene to normalize data sets and to calculate expression differences. The relative expression level (fold) was calculated based on the value of the lowest expression detected (TS was used for tissues and L3 was used for developmental stages), which was assigned an arbitrary value of 1. Values shown in the figures are means and standard errors. Different letters indicate significant differences among tissues or developmental stages based on three biological replications and four technical repeats (P < 0.05; Holm-Sidak’s test; n = 3).