Figure 2
From: A spheroid toxicity assay using magnetic 3D bioprinting and real-time mobile device-based imaging
Spheroid contraction of 3T3s in response to ATRA.
(a) 3T3 spheroids before and 5 h after adding ATRA, as captured by the mobile device (left), live/dead staining (center; live = green, red = dead) and cytoskeletal staining using phalloidin for F-actin (right; F-actin = red, nuclei = blue) of spheroids after 72 h. Black scale bar = 5 mm, white scale bar = 250 μm. (b) Kinetics of spheroid contraction. (c) The rate of contraction of 3T3 spheroids over 150 min (black) as a function of ATRA concentration and compared to the viability of 3T3s in 2D (red) as measured by the MTT assay. All values are normalized to control. Error bars represent standard deviation. *,#:p < 0.05 compared to control. With higher amounts of ATRA, 3T3 spheroids contracted less, were less viable and showed a more disorganized cytoskeleton.
