Table 1 Characteristics of the study population.

From: Association of Renal Function and Menopausal Status with Bone Mineral Density in Middle-aged Women

Variables

High BMD (≥1.138 g/cm2) (n = 951)

Low BMD (<1.138 g/cm2) (n = 468)

P a

Mean ± S.D.

 Age (years)

45.7 ± 4.0

47.8 ± 4.6

<0.0001

 Body weight (kg)

57.1 ± 8.7

53.5 ± 7.7

<0.0001

 LDL-C (mg/dL)

107.1 ± 27.9

111.6 ± 28.4

0.005

 Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

99.1 ± 18.0

96.9 ± 13.8

0.01

 Alkaline phosphatase (IU)

56.8 ± 15.8

65.1 ± 19.2

<0.0001

 Uric acid (mg/dL)

4.6 ± 1.0

4.6 ± 1.0

0.67

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

83.6 ± 11.6

84.5 ± 12.0

0.23

 CCr (mL/min)

80.5 ± 15.5

74.8 ± 13.7

<0.0001

n (%)

 Postmenopausal status

122 (13)

180 (39)

<0.0001

 Use Chinese herb

72 (8)

48 (10)

0.09

 Hypertension

138 (15)

56 (12)

0.19

 Ever smoker

79 (8)

36 (8)

0.79

 Alcohol consumption

57 (6)

29 (6)

0.78

 Calcium supplement

489 (51)

256 (55)

0.27

 Regular exerciseb

419 (44)

198 (42)

0.89

  1. Abbreviations: LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; S.D., standard deviation; BMD, bone mineral density; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CCr, creatinine clearance rate.
  2. aP-values were obtained from Student’s t tests (normally-distributed continuous variables) and Chi-square tests (categorical variables) for comparing participants with high to low BMD.
  3. bRegular exercise was defined as taking exercise ≥30 min for 2 to 3 days per week.
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