Table 2 Observers’ ratings of others’ pain intensity and their own unpleasantness.

From: Emotional mimicry signals pain empathy as evidenced by facial electromyography

Rating

Group A (n = 30)

Group B (n = 34)

Intact scene

Face only

Arm only

 

Pain

No pain

Pain

No pain

Pain

No pain

Intensity

3.76 (.69)

1.38 (.33)

3.89 (.76)

1.53 (.40)

4.15 (1.04)

1.96 (.74)

Unpleasantness

3.20 (.86)

1.45 (.46)

3.11 (.90)

1.50 (.43)

3.76 (1.15)#

2.11 (.86)

  1. Values are mean (standard deviation).
  2. Pain vs. no pain, all Ps < .00001.
  3. #P < .00001 vs. face only.