Table 1 The presence of catalytic ability and Gibbs free energy of formation reaction (ΔG) at room temperature of the bottom electrodes (BEs) used in this study, where ΔG is defined as the difference between the Gibbs free energy of metal oxide or metal nitride indicated in the parenthesis and the Gibbs free energy of pure metal (Pt, Au, Ni and Ti).

From: Finding Oxygen Reservoir by Using Extremely Small Test Cell Structure for Resistive Random Access Memory with Replaceable Bottom Electrode