Figure 4

The effects of forest gap positions on the E4/E6 values of (a)fir, (b) cypress, (c) larch, (d) birch, (e) willow and (f) azalea foliar litter during the winter (W) and growing seasons (GS) of the two-year humification experiment.
Error bars indicate the standard deviations (n = 3). P-values for incubation time (Time) and gap position treatments (Gap) from repeated measures ANOVA are shown for each species. Values at the same stage with different letters are significantly (P < 0.05) different among the four positions.