Figure 5: Biochemical changes in the brains of mice post intranasal insulin and anesthesia.
From: Intranasal Insulin Prevents Anesthesia-Induced Spatial Learning and Memory Deficit in Mice

Homogenates of the rostral halves of brains from mice sacrificed 0 hr, 24 hr, and 5 days after anesthesia for one hour with or without prior treatment with intranasal insulin were analyzed by Western blots, followed by densitometrical quantifications (mean ± SEM). The levels of the control group were set as 100. *p < 0.05 vs. control. #p < 0.05 vs. Anes group. These results suggest that anesthesia- and insulin-induced biochemical changes in the brain are transient and reversible.