Figure 4: DNA methylation and CAR, PXR, and AHR mRNA expression in hPSC-HLCs and PHHs.

DNA methylation status in the regulatory regions of CAR (a), PXR (b), and AHR (c) in hESC- and hiPSC-HLCs, and PHHs were analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. Each diagram represents the investigated locations containing CpG islands in promoter and gene body region. Each row represents the methylation status of each CpG in a series of 9 – 10 bacterial clones. The methylated and unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are represented as filled and open circles, respectively. (d) Expression levels of CAR, PXR and AHR mRNA in hESC- and hiPSC-HLCs and PHHs were measured by qRT-PCR. Results are the mean ± S.D (n = 3). ***p < 0.001, significant values in comparison with PHHs. PHHs, primary human hepatocytes.