Figure 7
From: Adaptive bill morphology for enhanced tool manipulation in New Caledonian crows
Landmarks and semi-landmarks on a 3D-reconstructed skull of a NCC.
Large and small dots indicate landmarks and semi-landmarks, respectively. Only the landmarks in the mid-sagittal plane (1–3) and the right side of the bill (4, 6, 8 & 10) are shown. Landmarks are: 1, nasal-frontal hinge (Foramen orbitonasale mediale); 2, upper mandible tip; 3, lower mandible tip; 4 & 5, right/left rostral end of jugal bone (Arcus jugalis); 6 & 7, right/left caudal end of jugal bone (Arcus jugalis); 8 & 9, right/left caudal end of lower mandible (Foramen pneumaticum); 10 & 11, right/left articular fossa of the lower mandible (Crista transversa fossae, the unseen location is indicated by the transparent red dot).
