Figure 6
AuNDs-assisted PPTT in vivo.
(a) Schematic of the procedure for applying AuNDs-assisted PPTT to tumor-bearing mice. (b) The use of a holding device to ensure that the laser and two ultrasound transducers were co-focused, followed by the same electrical system setup, meant that dICD could be measured in vivo. Upon exposure to ultrasound and laser radiation simultaneously for 2.5 minutes, the dICD value was enhanced by 3.1 fold for AuNDs compared to AuMBs with the same treatment and it was enhanced by 4.2 fold compared to AuNDs exposed to ultrasound only. The enhancement increased to around 10 fold even when the dICD value of the AuNDs with dual energy application has gradually decreased during the last 2.5 minutes. The time zero (t = 0) labeled at the X axis is the starting time to transmit the ultrasound signal from the 1 MHz transmitting transducer and the amount of cavitation signals are collected by the 10 MHz receiving transducer with a13-seconds delayed. (c) Frames from the infrared thermal imaging. (d) Real-time temperature recording of the treated tumors during contrast-agent-assisted PPTT. The dotted line indicates the time when exposed to the laser radiation was stopped.
