Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Vagus Nerve Stimulation Exerts the Neuroprotective Effects in Obese-Insulin Resistant Rats, Leading to the Improvement of Cognitive Function

Figure 5

Learning and memory behavioral results from Morris Water Maze test.

Chronic HFD consumption caused cognitive impairment as indicated by increased time required to reach the platform in the acquisition test (A) and decreased time spent in the target quadrant in the probe test (B). VNS treatment attenuated cognitive decline, as shown by decreased time required to reach the platform (C) and increased time spent in the target quadrant (D). ND: 12-week-normal diet-fed rats; HFD: 12-week high fat-fed rats; Sham: sham-operated HFD-fed rats; VNS: VNS-treated HFD-fed rats (N = 8 of each group) *p < 0.05 in comparison with the ND-fed rats; †p < 0.05 in comparison with the sham group.

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