Figure 3

(a) Along-track subsidence rates from TP and EN in the San Joaquin Valley, (b) comparison between altimeter-derived rates and GNSS-derived rates in the San Joaquin Valley. A1 is the location of maximum subsidence from EN-611, A2 is the location of maximum subsidence from TP-043 and where accelerating subsidence is detected by TP, J1 and J2 over 1992–2015, (c) along-track subsidence rates in central Taiwan, (d–f) comparison with leveling-derived rates along TP-051, TP-164 and EN-993. C1 is the location of maximum subsidence in central Taiwan (see Fig. 2a), C2 and C3 are the centers of the bow-shaped subsidence patterns detected by TP-164 and EN-993. Note: negative vertical displacement corresponds to subsidence. GMT³⁶ V5.1.3 is used to plot Fig. 3 (http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/). The topography is from the digital elevation model of SRTM15_PLUS³⁷.