Table 1 Demographic data and clinical characteristics of participants stratified by NPY genotype and stress level.

From: Association of neuropeptide Y promoter polymorphism (rs16147) with perceived stress and cardiac vagal outflow in humans

Characteristics	^aLow-PSS group (n = 601)			P ^b	^aHigh-PSS group (n = 522)			p ^b
Characteristics	C/C (n = 301)	C/T (n = 236)	T/T (n = 64)	P ^b	C/C (n = 230)	C/T (n = 234)	T/T (n = 58)	p ^b
Age (year)	40.1 ± 10.5	41.6 ± 10.9	39.5 ± 10.7	0.20	35.3 ± 9.2	36.1 ± 9.3	35.2 ± 8.9	0.61
Female, n (%)	162 (53.8)	130 (55.1)	35 (54.7)	0.96	120 (52.2)	105 (44.9)	30 (51.7)	0.26
BMI (kg/m²)	22.6 ± 3.3	22.9 ± 3.2	22.5 ± 3.2	0.46	22.8 ± 3.4	22.9 ± 3.2	22.3 ± 3.7	0.49
Current smoker, n (%)	50 (17.4)	24.9 (13.6)	11 (17.5)	0.47	30 (13.6)	44 (19.8)	7 (13.7)	0.18
Weekly regular exercise				0.70				0.17
<3 times/ week, n (%)	241 (80.1)	193 (81.8)	54 (84.4)		206 (89.6)	200 (85.5)	47 (81.0)
≥3 times/ week, n (%)	60 (19.9)	43 (18.2)	10 (15.6)		24 (10.4)	34 (14.5)	11 (19.0)
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	177.3 ± 27.4	181.1 ± 30.3	181.4 ± 29.9	0.25	174.6 ± 28.3	175.0 ± 28.0	173.9 ± 32.5	0.97
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	93.7 ± 39.6	93.0 ± 41.9	94.0 ± 44.0	0.98	93.6 ± 37.4	90.3 ± 37.2	93.2 ± 40.4	0.63
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	87.6 ± 8.2	88.5 ± 8.5	85.9 ± 6.2	0.075	87.0 ± 7.9	87.2 ± 8.0	85.1 ± 7.46	0.19
PSS (scores)	15.4 ± 4.4	15.0 ± 4.8	14.9 ± 5.0	0.67	27.3 ± 4.0	27.1 ± 4.4	27.5 ± 5.6	0.84
BAI (scores)	2.84 ± 3.50	2.94 ± 3.68	3.98 ± 3.28	0.93	5.53 ± 4.71	5.53 ± 4.72	4.72 ± 4.38	0.47
BDI (scores)	3.69 ± 4.0	3.20 ± 3.4	2.83 ± 3.1	0.12	7.30 ± 5.0	7.47 ± 5.0	7.17 ± 5.4	0.90
Heart rate (beats/min)	70.7 ± 12.8	70.9 ± 11.3	70.9 ± 10.2	0.99	72.5 ± 10.2	70.7 ± 10.5	68.57 ± 10.3	0.017
SBP (mmHg)	112.2 ± 12.2	113.2 ± 13.1	109.6 ± 13.9	0.13	113.6 ± 12.8	112.4 ± 13.4	108.3 ± 11.4	0.021
DBP (mmHg)	73.7 ± 8.9	73.9 ± 9.1	71.0 ± 9.1	0.060	74.0 ± 9.0	72.2 ± 9.3	69.4 ± 8.3	0.002

^aLow- and high-PSS groups were determined by a median split at PSS score 21.
^bComparison using ANOVA test (continuous variables) and χ² test (categorical variables).
Continuous variables are reported as mean ± standard deviation; categorical variables are listed as number (percentage).Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory-II; BMI, body mass index; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

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Table 1 Demographic data and clinical characteristics of participants stratified by NPY genotype and stress level.

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