Figure 7

The experimental (a) frequency and (b) dissipation kinetics and the simulated results (black dot line) derived from two-layer Voinova model. As PMB is introduced into the system, the (c) viscosity and (d) shear modulus of the top layer (film 2, red) increase as PMB molecules bind with LPS and aggregate on the surface, and thus the mass of top layer ((e) thickness) also increases. Upon binding with LPS, PMB molecules further penetrate into the bilayer and disrupt its integrity, which then results in the decrease of bottom layer’s (film 1, blue) (f) viscosity and (g) shear modulus. (h) The mass of the bottom layer increases due to PMB binding and insertion. The simulation results were carried out using three individual experiments and the standard deviations are shown as the blue shaded regions.