Table 2 Adjusted Relationships of Quartiles of Grip Strength per Body Weight with NAFLDa.

From: Relationship between grip strength and newly diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a large-scale adult population

Quartiles of grip strength per body weight (range, kg/kg)

NAFLD

Level 1 (0.08–0.40)

Level 2 (0.40–0.48)

Level 3 (0.48–0.56)

Level 4 (0.56–1.12)

p for trendb

No. of subjects

5,240

5,239

5,238

5,240

—

No. of overall NAFLD

1,589

1,414

1,526

1,130

—

 Model 1d

1

0.85 (0.78, 0.93)c

0.95 (0.87, 1.03)

0.63 (0.58, 0.69)

<0.001

 Model 2e

1

0.91 (0.81, 1.03)

0.78 (0.68, 0.89)

0.67 (0.58, 0.78)

<0.001

 Model 3f

1

0.89 (0.78, 1.01)

0.77 (0.67, 0.89)

0.67 (0.57, 0.79)

<0.001

NAFLD with normal ALT levels

No. of subjects

4,871

4,874

4,865

5,015

—

No. of NAFLD with normal ALT levels

1,220

1,049

1,153

905

—

 Model 1d

1

0.82 (0.75, 0.90)

0.93 (0.85, 1.02)

0.66 (0.60, 0.73)

<0.001

 Model 2e

1

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

0.80 (0.69, 0.92)

0.72 (0.62, 0.85)

<0.001

 Model 3f

1

0.91 (0.80, 1.04)

0.79 (0.68, 0.92)

0.72 (0.61, 0.85)

<0.001

NAFLD with elevated ALT levels

No. of subjects

4,020

4,190

4,085

4,335

—

No. of NAFLD with elevated ALT levels

369

365

373

225

—

 Model 1d

1

0.94 (0.81, 1.10)

0.99 (0.86, 1.16)

0.54 (0.46, 0.64)

<0.001

 Model 2e

1

0.90 (0.72, 1.13)

0.73 (0.58, 0.93)

0.55 (0.42, 0.72)

<0.001

 Model 3f

1

0.77 (0.61, 0.98)

0.67 (0.51, 0.86)

0.53 (0.40, 0.71)

<0.01

  1. aNAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.
  2. bMultiple logistic regression analysis.
  3. cOdds ratios (95% confidence interval) (all such values).
  4. dCrude.
  5. eAdjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.
  6. fAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, total energy intake, educational levels, employment status, household income, metabolic syndromes, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and family history of diseases including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.
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