Table 2 Echocardiography analysis of F1, F2, and F3 generation adult offspring of F0 dams exposed to vehicle or caffeine.

From: In Utero Caffeine Exposure Induces Transgenerational Effects on the Adult Heart

 

Age/Generation

IVS;d

LVID;d

LVPW;d

LV Vol;d

IVS;s

LVID;s

LVPW;s

LV Vol;s

% EF

% FS

LV Mass

Heart Rate

Weight

N

E10.5-13.5

22 Weeks

mm

mm

mm

ul

mm

mm

mm

ul

%

%

mg

BPM

g

 

 Vehicle

F1

1.00

4.47

0.94

92.01

1.37

3.24

1.24

43.55

53.71

28.02

147.37

521.75

50.83

5

 Caffeine

F1

0.94

4.61

0.98

99.24

1.26

3.49

1.24

52.95

47.11

24.11

150.62

493.81

50.97

4

 P-value

 

0.21

0.25

0.11

0.21

0.14

0.20

0.50

0.16

0.15

0.16

0.42

0.16

0.49

 

E10.5-13.5

1 year

 

 Vehicle

F1

1.03

4.58

0.98

96.47

1.34

3.26

1.34

43.46

55.47

28.94

157.57

496.03

52.51

5

 Caffeine

F1

0.90

4.84

1.01

110.90

1.25

3.49

1.38

52.46

54.03

28.19

164.50

473.44

61.33

4

 P-value

 

0.08

0.14

0.27

0.13

0.16

0.21

0.29

0.20

0.37

0.39

0.32

0.15

0.08

 

E10.5–13.5

22 Weeks

 

 Vehicle

F2

0.88

4.62

0.94

98.84

1.21

3.36

1.25

46.72

53.01

27.42

142.55

494.17

52.16

5

 Caffeine

F2

0.84

4.59

0.95

97.20

1.16

3.29

1.29

44.35

54.29

28.36

137.13

471.52

50.06

4

 P-value

 

0.23

0.42

0.48

0.41

0.23

0.31

0.33

0.32

0.37

0.36

0.28

0.20

0.30

 

E10.5–13.5

1 year

 

 Vehicle

F2

0.92

5.00

1.00

118.72

1.29

3.66

1.34

57.24

52.09

26.89

173.76

523.84

60.10

5

 Caffeine

F2

0.89

4.75 *

1.11 *

105.32 *

1.25

3.32 *

1.50 *

45.54 *

57.01 *

30.07 *

169.31

526.52

59.62

7

 P-value

 

0.22

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.24

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.04

0.33

0.44

0.47

 

E10.5–13.5

22 Weeks

 

 Vehicle

F3

0.92

4.60

0.94

97.37

1.28

3.32

1.25

45.24

53.67

27.75

145.25

518.58

51.71

5

 Caffeine

F3

0.92

4.77

0.96 *

106.35

1.28

3.40

1.33 *

48.24

54.95

28.66

157.30 *

498.39

51.35

4

 P-value

 

0.31

0.09

0.04

0.09

0.37

0.33

0.01

0.31

0.23

0.21

0.05

0.39

0.31

 

E10.5–13.5

1 year

 

 Vehicle

F3

1.00

4.70

1.06

102.75

1.42

3.28

1.48

44.50

57.26

30.39

174.27

554.53

62.73

5

 Caffeine

F3

0.95

5.07

1.15

125.27

1.42

3.28

1.48

67.29

49.37

25.72

201.70 *

552.16

63.04

4

 P-value

 

0.26

0.18

0.08

0.15

0.27

0.20

0.16

0.18

0.26

0.28

0.04

0.44

0.35

 
  1. Only the F1 generation embryos were exposed to vehicle or caffeine in utero from E10.5-13.5. For abbreviations please see Table 1. *P-value ≤ 0.05. P-values were calculated by Student’s t-test.
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