Figure 1

Latent Profile Analysis model and results.

(a) The latent profile analysis had 10 indicators of executive function and (b) yielded three EF classes: “Above average”, “Average”, and “Impaired.” The three EF classes differed on their scores across the indicators. Scores are in standard deviation units based on data from the present sample. The WISC Backward Digit span and Statue Total were reverse-scored such that for all indicators, higher scores indicate greater impairment. Note for panel b: All EF indicators had a significant difference between Above average, Average, and Impaired groups except the WISC B-Digit, which only had a difference between Above average/Impaired groups and Average/Impaired groups. Brf-P Inh T: BRIEF-Parent report inhibition T-score; Shf T: Shift T-score; EmoConT: Emotional Control T-score; Init T: Initiate T-score; WMem T: Working memory T-score; PlnOrg T: Plan/Organize T-score; OrgMat: Organization of Materials T-score; Mon T: Monitor T-score; WISC B-Digit: Wechsler Intelligence Quotient for Children IV Backward Digit span scaled score (reverse scored); Statue Total: total score on the NEPSY-II statue subtest (reverse scored).