Figure 3
(E)-2-Methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation, and pro-inflammatory protein expression in synoviocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
(a–e) Human synoviocytes isolated from patients with RA were pre-treated with MMPP (4 μg/mL) for 24 h, and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. Levels of (a) nitric oxide (NO) and (b) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were determined (n = 6, data are mean ± standard error of the (SEM), #P < 0.05 vs. intact control and *P < 0.05 vs. LPS- or TNF-α-treated control using Student’s t-test). (c–d) DNA-binding activity of (c) STAT3 and (d) NF-κB was determined using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with nuclear extracts. (e) Cells were lysed and analysed using western blot with antibodies against iNOS and COX2 with β-actin as loading control. iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; COX, cyclooxygenase.
