Table 2 Subgroup analyses of the association between tomato intake and prostate cancer risk.
From: Tomato consumption and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Subgroup | Included studies | No. of cases | Pooled RR (95% CI) | P | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q | I2 (%) | P | |||||
Total | 24 | 15,099 | 0.86 (0.75-0.98) | 0.019 | 84.29 | 72.7 | < 0.001 |
Study design | |||||||
Cohort | 7 | 6,827 | 0.96 (0.84-1.10) | 0.579 | 13.06 | 54.1 | 0.042 |
Case-control | 17 | 8,272 | 0.76 (0.61-0.94) | 0.010 | 69.83 | 77.1 | < 0.001 |
Geographical region | |||||||
North America | 10 | 11,961 | 0.98 (0.86-1.13) | 0.811 | 29.11 | 69.1 | 0.001 |
Europe | 4 | 888 | 0.85 (0.55-1.31) | 0.455 | 12.63 | 76.3 | 0.006 |
Asia | 7 | 978 | 0.43 (0.22-0.85) | 0.015 | 31.29 | 80.8 | < 0.001 |
Oceania | 3 | 1,272 | 0.81 (0.67-0.99) | 0.035 | 0.04 | 0.0 | 0.978 |
Study quality | |||||||
High (NOS ≥ 7) | 9 | 9,590 | 0.92 (0.79-1.06) | 0.234 | 22.69 | 64.7 | 0.004 |
Low (NOS < 7) | 15 | 5,509 | 0.77 (0.61-0.98) | 0.030 | 61.40 | 77.2 | < 0.001 |
No. of cases | |||||||
≥500 | 9 | 12,169 | 0.98 (0.86-1.12) | 0.763 | 27.21 | 70.6 | 0.001 |
<500 | 15 | 2,930 | 0.69 (0.54-0.89) | 0.005 | 49.44 | 71.7 | < 0.001 |
