Table 1 Clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

From: Diabetes Onset at 31–45 Years of Age is Associated with an Increased Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Variable

NO DR

DR

P value

Cases (M/F)

2,198/1,614

741/661

 

Age (years)

58.2 ± 14.0

60.0 ± 12.0

<0.001

Age of onset (years)

52.0 ± 13.1

49.5 ± 11.3

<0.001

Duration of diabetes (years)

6.3 ± 5.8

10.5 ± 6.9

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

130.0 ± 16.6

135.9 ± 19.4

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

79.4 ± 9.6

80.6 ± 9.9

0.001

HbA1c (%)

9.0 ± 2.4

9.2 ± 2.1

0.008

MA (mg/24 h)

9.6 [3.3–209.8]

17.1 [4.0–1,602.8]

<0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

8.3 ± 3.0

8.6 ± 3.2

0.053

TG (mmol/L)

1.9 ± 1.8

1.8 ± 1.4

0.058

TC (mmol/L)

4.7 ± 1.1

4.8 ± 1.2

0.272

C-reactive protein level (mg/L)

1.1[0.2–13.9]

1.1 [0.2–20.2]

0.086

HDL (mmol/L)

1.1 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.3

0.059

LDL (mmol/L)

3.1 ± 1.0

3.1 ± 1.0

0.798

BMI (kg/m2)

24.8 ± 3.6

24.7 ± 3.6

0.692

Waist circumference (cm)

88.4 ± 10.6

88.3 ± 10.6

0.695

eGFR (ml·min−1·1.73 m2)

108.3 ± 36.5

104.9 ± 39.2

0.005

  1. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; WC: waist circumference; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; MA: microalbuminuria; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TG: riglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; BMI: body-mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. Data are expressed as means ± SDs or as geometric means [with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)].
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